How Reverse Osmosis Works

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A reverse osmosis (RO) filter operates through a process that involves forcing water through a semipermeable membrane to remove contaminants. Here's a detailed breakdown:

1. Pre-Filtration: Before water reaches the RO membrane, it typically passes through a pre-filter to remove larger particles like sediment and chlorine. This step protects the RO membrane from damage and clogging.
2. Reverse Osmosis Membrane: The heart of the system is the semipermeable membrane. Under high pressure, water molecules are forced through this membrane, which has tiny pores (typically around 0.0001 microns). These pores allow water molecules to pass through while blocking larger contaminants.
3. Post-Filtration: After passing through the RO membrane, the water may go through additional filters, such as a carbon filter, to remove any remaining tastes or odors and to polish the water.
4. Storage Tank: The purified water is then stored in a tank until needed. When you turn on your faucet, the water is drawn from this tank.
5. Drain Line: The contaminants that were blocked by the RO membrane are flushed away through a drain line. This waste water, known as brine, carries away the impurities.

Reverse osmosis filters are highly effective at removing a wide range of contaminants, including:

• Dissolved Salts and Minerals: Such as sodium, chloride, and calcium.
• Heavy Metals: Including lead, mercury, and arsenic.
• Fluoride: Commonly added to municipal water supplies.
• Nitrates and Sulfates: Often found in agricultural runoff.
• Pesticides and Herbicides: Chemicals used in farming that can seep into water supplies.
• Bacteria and Viruses: Microorganisms that can cause illness.
• Pharmaceuticals: Residues from medications that can end up in water supplies